Nationalisation of Industry and Full Agricultural Collectivisation

Following a 1946 land reform that redistributed land seized from Japanese colonists and large landowners, and a parallel law nationalising industry, transport, communications and banks, the government spent the following decade pushing farmers into collective farms. Some killed their own livestock rather than hand it over. By 1958, private farming had been completely eliminated in favour of state and cooperative collectives — the command-economy model that has defined North Korea's economy ever since.