Deliberate Winter Campaign Against Ukraine's Civilian Energy Grid

Since late 2022, Russia has waged a sustained, repeated campaign of missile and drone strikes against Ukraine's civilian power grid, timed to coincide with winter — roughly 12,700 drones and 2,900 missiles fired at energy infrastructure across the war's first four years. Ukraine has lost more than half its energy-generating capacity, with emergency blackouts affecting up to 80% of the country and hundreds of thousands of households left without heat or water in freezing conditions. In March 2024 the ICC indicted Lieutenant General Sergei Kobylash and Admiral Viktor Sokolov specifically for war crimes and crimes against humanity carried out through these attacks on civilian infrastructure.