Four Prime Ministers in Under Two Years — Budget Crisis Paralyses Government

The hung parliament produced by Macron's 2024 gamble made France effectively ungovernable: Michel Barnier became the first government toppled by a no-confidence vote since 1962, his successor François Bayrou lost a confidence vote after warning of "life-threatening" debt, and Sébastien Lecornu became the shortest-serving PM in Fifth Republic history when he resigned after less than a day before being reappointed. The underlying dispute was the budget deficit, which reached 5.8% of GDP — nearly double the EU's 3% limit.

Emmanuel Macron — Renaissance (formerly La République En Marche)

In power 2017–present