Hong Kong National Security Law — Dismantling Promised Autonomy

Beijing imposed a national security law on Hong Kong in June 2020 criminalising vaguely defined "subversion," "secession," and "collusion with foreign forces" — offences carrying up to life imprisonment. Fifty-three pro-democracy politicians and activists, nearly the entire elected opposition, were arrested in January 2021 for organising an unofficial primary election; 45 were later sentenced in the largest national security trial in the city's history. Nearly 100 civil society organisations, unions, and political parties have since disbanded.

Xi Jinping — Chinese Communist Party

In power 2012–present